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For decades, urban planners assumed that more highways would always mean less traffic. The theory was simple: wider roads could handle more cars, reducing congestion. However, studies from cities around the world now show that building new highways often leads to “induced demand.” As more lanes open, more drivers take to the road, and traffic soon returns to previous levels or even worsens. Some cities, learning from these outcomes, have started investing in public transit, bike lanes, and pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods to tackle congestion from multiple angles.

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What is the central idea of the passage?

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